Satellite-to-ground optical links are a communication technology that uses lasers to transmit data between satellites in orbit and ground stations on Earth. These optical links rely on light beams, typically in the infrared spectrum, to send information, offering a high-bandwidth alternative to traditional radio frequency (RF) communication. The technology promises faster data rates and higher efficiency, making it suitable for various applications, including space research, Earth observation, and high-speed internet access via satellite constellations.

Despite their advantages, satellite-to-ground optical links face challenges due to atmospheric interference. Factors like clouds, fog, and atmospheric turbulence can scatter or absorb the light signals, causing potential disruptions. To overcome these issues, researchers are developing advanced techniques, such as adaptive optics to correct beam distortion and hybrid systems that switch between optical and RF communication based on weather conditions. These efforts aim to make satellite-to-ground optical communication more reliable for future space and terrestrial applications.